Metformin is the most widely prescribed FDA-approved oral medication for type 2 diabetes. It reduces blood glucose levels by decreasing glucose production in the liver, decreasing intestinal glucose absorption, and increasing insulin sensitivity.

Recent studies have demonstrated metformin’s ability to activate longevity pathways in the body. Other potentially powerful properties include the reduction of all-cause mortality associated with multiple diseases, including pre-diabetes, cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and many other age-related pathologies.

Metformin lowers blood sugar levels primarily by reducing the production of glucose in the liver and the absorption of glucose in the intestines. It also enhances the uptake and use of glucose in peripheral tissues.

Studies have shown that metformin increases the production of longevity-promoting signaling molecules, such as mTOR and AMPK.

Metformin also supports DNA repair and targets factors that accelerate aging, including protecting against DNA damage, poor mitochondrial function, and chronic inflammation.

Metformin begins to lower blood sugar levels within a few days of starting treatment, but its full effect might take up to several weeks.